电气事故的原因分析

对电气事故的原因，一般从设备事故和触电事故这两方面进行分析。 
1.设备事故原因：
（1）误操作。违反操作规程或不符合技术规定误操作而发生的事故，如带负荷拉隔离开关，未拆除接地线合闸，错合电源开关等；
（2）设备失修。如充油设备长期漏油而造成缺油烧损，未及时进行定期检修或检修质量差，少油断路器的触头多次切断故障电流未进行拆修，对设备未定期清扫而出现污垢闪络，以及其他因维护管理不善而发生的事故：
（3）设备制造不良，选型不当，使用不合格的或未经技术鉴定的改造设备；
（4）设计失误。设计中未充分考虑负荷状况、环境因素和气象条件等；
（5）自然灾害和外力破坏。
2.触电事故原因：
（1）违反操作规程。如带电连接线路或电气设备，触及破损的导线或设备，带电拉高压隔离开关，带地线合闸，带电接照明灯线，带电移动用电设备，湿手拧灯泡等；
（2）设备不合格。如电气距离不够，二线一地制接地电阻过大，接地线不合格或接地线断开，导线或设备的绝缘破损裸露在外，设备爬线等；
（3）设备失修。如大风刮断导线或刮倒电杆未及时修理，瓷底胶盖刀闸的胶木盖损坏未及时更换，瓷瓶破裂造成火线与拉线短接，设备外壳带电等。
（4）其他因素。

Analysis of the reasons for electrical accidents
The causes of electrical accidents , general accidents and electric shock from the device both for analysis.
1 device cause of the accident :
( 1 ) misuse. Accident or violation of rules does not meet the technical requirements malfunction occurs , such as a negative Hera isolation switch , did not remove the grounding wire closing , malocclusion power switch ;
( 2 ) equipment disrepair. If long-term oil-filled equipment in oil spill caused by burning, not timely periodic maintenance or repair poor quality , less oil circuit breaker contacts repeatedly cut off the fault current is not carried out overhaul of equipment is not cleaned regularly and fouling flash network, as well as other maintenance mismanagement occurs because of an accident :
Poor ( 3 ) equipment manufacturers , improper selection, use of substandard or non technical appraisal of transformation equipment ;
( 4 ) design errors . Not fully consider the design load conditions , environmental factors and weather conditions ;
( 5 ) natural disasters and external damage .
2 electric shock reasons:
( 1 ) violation of rules . If charged connecting lines or electrical equipment , wires or equipment damage touch , pull high voltage disconnectors charged with closing ground , then lights live wire , live mobile electrical equipment , wet hands tighten bulbs ;
( 2 ) equipment failure . If electrical distance is not enough, a second-tier to the system grounding resistance is too large, ground failure or disconnect the ground wire , insulated wire or equipment damage exposed, climbing equipment lines ;
( 3 ) equipment disrepair. As winds toppled poles or wires Guaduan not timely repair , porcelain knife bakelite bottom plastic cover does not cover damage to the timely replacement , porcelain and ruptured FireWire cable shorted, live shell and other equipment .
( 4 ) other factors.